Classification of Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Flowering Plants
Jesse L. Saylor, Department of Horticulture
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Scientific Names (Genus, species, cultivar) follow Hortus Third(1976) and The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening(1992) unless otherwise indicated. Common Names have been selected from a variety of sources including Hortus Third.
Higher taxa (Divisions, classes, subclasses, etc.) follow Cronquist, Takhtajan, and Zimmerman(1966) with subdivision and class endings modified in accordance with the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature(Greuter, 1994). Subdivision endings are changed from -icae to -phytina, and Class endings are changed from -atae to -opsida.
Pteridophyte (Fern and Fern Allies) families follow Vascular Plant Families and Genera(Brummitt,1992) with the order of the families adapted from Crabbe, Jermy, and Mickel(1975). Changes from The Flora of North America(1993-), and Kubitzki(1990) may also be indicated. The family list in Brummitt(1992) is only alphabetical and does not reflect the relationships between families. Common names of families are usually from Lellinger(1985).
Gymnosperm (Conifer) families follow A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (Melchior and Werdermann, 1954). Changes from The Flora of North America(1993-), and Kubitzki(1990) may also be indicated.
Angiosperm (Flowering plant) Families follow An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (Cronquist,1981) unless indicated otherwise. Common names of families are usually from Cronquist(1981). Changes from Cronquist(1988), The Flora of North America (1993-), and Kubitzki(1993) may also be indicated.
Abbrev. [1/2 = no. of Genera / No. Of species]
Index to Divisions:
Division 1. of 6. Psilotophyta = Whisk Ferns
Division 2. of 6. Lycopodiophyta = Clubmosses
Division 3. of 6. Equisetophyta = Horsetails
Division 4. of 6. Polypodiophyta (Filicinae, Pteridophyta) = Ferns
Division 5. of 6. Pinophyta (Gymnospermae) = Gymnosperms
Division 6. of 6. Magnoliphyta (Anthophyta, Angiospermae) = Angiosperms or Flowering Plants
(See for summary of Subclasses and subclass description links)
Kingdom Plantae (Regnum Vegetabile) = Plant Kingdom
I. Subkingdom Thallobionta (Bacteria, algae, fungi, and lichens) = Plants not forming embryos. These are
often placed in separate kingdoms.
II. Subkingdom Embryobionta = Plants forming embryos. Vascular Plants (except the Bryophyta or
Mosses and Liverworts which lack vascular tissues). The 6 Divisions of Vascular Plants are listed below.
Divisions 1. to 4. = Pteridophytes (Pteridophyta) (Plants producing spores) = Ferns and Fern Allies. Fern Allies are Divisions 1 to 3; they were once thought to be very closely related to Division 4 (Polypodiophyta). The name Fern Allies is still used even though they are now in separate divisions, and not thought to be closely related.
Eusporangiate Pteridophytes (Have large sporangia called eusporangia, with a large number of spores (several hundred to thousands in each sporangium)
Division 1. of 6. Psilotophyta = Whisk Ferns (2 genera and about 12 species)
Class Psilotopsida (Psilotatae)
Order Psilotales
1. Psilotaceae (incl. Tmesipteridaceae) [2 genera/12 species] = Psilotum or Whisk Fern Family
1. Psilotum [2 spp.] = Whisk Fern; 2. Tmesipteris [10 spp.] =
Division 2. of 6. Lycopodiophyta = Clubmosses (5-8 genera and about 1200 species)
Class Lycopsida (Lycopodiopsida, Lycopodiatae)
Order Lycopodiales
2. Lycopodiaceae [2 in the past, 4 in Bru, or 7 in FNA./380 ] = Clubmoss or Ground Pine Family
1. Lycopodium [380+ spp.] = Clubmosses. BRU segregates into 3 genera (Huperzia, Lycopodiella, and Lycopodium). FNA recognizes 7 genera (segregating Diphasium from Lycopodium, Phlegmariurus from Huperzia, and both Palhinhaea and Pseudolycopodiella from Lycopodiella).
2. Phylloglossum [1 sp.] =
Order Selaginellales
3. Selaginellaceae [1/700] = Spikemoss Family
1. Selaginella [700 spp.] = Spikemosses.
Class Isoetopsida (Isoetatae)
Order Isoetales
4. Isoetaceae [2/150] = Quillwort Family [Mab2 has 1 genus and incl. Stylites in Isoetes.]
1. Isoetes [150 spp.] = Quillworts; 2. Stylites [2 spp.] =
Division 3. of 6. Equisetophyta = Horsetails (One genus and about 15 species)
Class Equisetopsida (Articulatae or Sphenopsida, Equisetatae)
Order Equisetales
5. Equisetaceae [1/15] = Horsetail or Scouring Rush Family
1. Equisetum [15 spp.] = Horsetails.
Division 4. of 6. Polypodiophyta (Filicinae, Pteridophyta) = Ferns (36 Families; about 220 genera
and about 9,000 species)(Mab1, 355 gen./8450 sp.)(Mab2, 223 gen./8550 sp.)
Class Polypodiopsida (Polypodiatae, Filicopsida, Filicatae, Filices, Pteropsida)
1. Subclass Ophioglossidae
6. Ophioglossaceae [3/75] = Adder's Tongue or Grape Fern Family
2. Subclass Marattiidae
7. Marattiaceae (incl. Angiopteridaceae, Christenseniaceae, Danaeaceae) [4/100] = Marattia Family
Leptosporangiate Pteridophytes (Have small sporangia called leptosporangia, with a small number of spores (usually 128 to 64 spores or less in each sporangium)
3. Subclass Polypodiidae
Order Osmundales
8. Osmundaceae [3/22] = Cinnamon Fern or Royal Fern Family
1. Osmunda [10 spp.] = Royal, Cinnamon and Interrupted Ferns.
Order Polypodiales
9. Plagiogyriaceae [1/30] =
10. Schizaeaceae [4/180] = Curly Grass or Climbing Fern Family. (FNA segregates Anemiaceae and Lygodiaceae)
11. Parkeriaceae (Ceratopteridaceae)[1/4] = Water Fern Family. (Kub and Mab2 include in Adiantaceae)
12. Platyzomatacease [1/1] = (Kub and Mab2 include in Adiantaceae)
13. Actiniopteridaceae [1/5] = (Kub and Mab2 include in Adiantaceae)
14. Adiantaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [b33, 32/815] = Maidenhair, Cloak, and Lip Fern Family. (Kub and Mab2 use the name Pteridaceae s.l. and incl. 16. Pteridaceae s.s. here)
15. Vittariaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [b8, 6/130] = Shoestring Fern Family
16. Pteridaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [6/250] = Brake Fern Family
17. Loxsomaceae (Loxsomataceae) [2/5] =
18. Hymenophyllaceae [10/600] = Filmy Fern Family
19. Hymenophyllopsidaceae [1/8] =
20. Stromatopteridaceae [1/1] = (Kub and Mab2 include in Gleicheniaceae)
21. Gleicheniaceae [4/125] = Gleichenia or Forking Fern Family. (Kub and Mab2 incl. Stromatopteridaceae here as a subfamily)
22. Matoniaceae [2/4] =
23. Cheiropleuriaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [1/1] =
24. Dipteridaceae [1/8] =
25. Polypodiaceae (sensu strictu) [b47, 33/700] = Polypody, Rockcap, and Resurrection Fern Family
26. Grammitidaceae [b14, 4 or 14/150] =
27. Metaxyaceae [1/1] =
28. Dicksoniaceae [incl. Lophosoriaceae, Thyrsopteridaceae] [b7, 6/20] = Dicksonia Family
29. Cyatheaceae [1/620] = Cyathea or Tree Fern Family (Cyathea incl. Alsophila)
30. Dennstaedtiaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [b18, 16/370] = Haysecented Fern and Bracken Fern Family
31. Thelypteridaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [b30, 6/900] = Beech, Marsh, and New York Fern Family
32. Aspleniaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [1 or 10/720] = Wood Ferns, Spleenworts, Sensitive Fern and Cliff Fern Family
33. Woodsiaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [20/650] = Cliff Fern Family. (FNA, Kub and Mab2 include in Dryopteridaceae)
34. Dryopteridaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [b47, 27/1050] = Wood Fern Family. (FNA incl. Davalliaceae, Oleandraceae, and Woodsiaceae here) (Kub and Mab2 incl. Woodsiaceae here)
35. Lomariopsidaceae [b7, 6/525] =
36. Davalliaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [b10, 4-10/44] = Rabbit's Foot Fern Family. (FNA includes in Dryopteridaceae)
37. Oleandraceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [4/85](incl. Nephrolepidaceae, Nephrolepis 1/30, of Mab2) = (FNA includes in Dryopteridaceae) (Kub and Mab2 sep. Nephrolepidaceae)
38. Blechnaceae [in Polypodiaceae in the past] [9/200] = Chain Fern Family
4. Subclass Marsileidae
Order Marsileales
39. Marsileaceae (incl. Pilulariaceae) [3/55-75] = Water Clover and Pillwort Family;
5. Subclass Salviniidae
Order Salviniales = Floating aquatics
40. Salviniaceae [1/10] = Water Spangle or Floating Fern Family
41. Azollaceae [1/6] = Mosquito Fern Family
Division 5. of 6. Pinophyta (Gymnospermae) = Gymnosperms (12-17 Families; about 80-85 genera
and about 840 species). Mostly cone bearing plants with naked seeds.
1. Subdivision Cycadophytina
Class Cycadopsida (Cycadatae) = Cycads. Distributed widely in the tropics and subtropics of both Hemispheres, but individual species usually with very restricted ranges (all are endangered). All are dioecious. Some stems up to 49 ft. tall. [Useful Ref.:(1) David L. Jones. 1993. Cycads of the World., 312 pages. Reed Books, Australia; (2) Loran M. Whitelock. 2002. The Cycads.374 pages. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.]
Order Cycadales
42. Cycadaceae (incl. Boweniaceae, Cycadaceae sensu strictu, Stangeriaceae, and Zamiaceae) [11/145;now 195+;Whitelock 289+] = Cycad Family. [RHS, Mab2 and BRU separate into 4 families]. Families and tribes follow Kubitzki.
42a. Boweniaceae [1/2] = Bowenia Family. Now included as a subfamily in Stangeriaceae.
1. Bowenia = 2 spp., northeastern Australia
42b. Cycadaceae sensu strictu [1/17] = Cycad Family
1. Cycas = 30 spp.(Whitelock 91), East Africa to Japan & Australia
42c. Stangeriaceae [1/1] = Stangeria Family. Now includes Boweniaceae as subfamily Bowenioideae.
1. Stangeria = 1 sp., southeastern Africa. Now in subfamily Stangerioideae.
42d. Zamiaceae [8/135](incl. Chigua, newly described in 1990) = Zamia Family
Tribe Diooeae
1. Dioon = 10 spp.(Whitelock 11), Mexico & Central America
Tribe Encephalarteae
2. Encephalartos = 50 spp.(Whitelock 63), tropical & south Africa
3. Lepidozamia = 2 spp., northeastern Australia
4. Macrozamia = 25 spp.(Whitelock 38), Australia
Tribe Zamieae
5. Ceratozamia = 11 spp.(Whitelock 18), Mexico to Belize(British Honduras). Now separated as Tribe Ceratozamieae.
6. Chigua = 2 spp., in primary rainforest in Colombia, South America
7. Microcycas = 1 sp., western Cuba
8. Zamia = 60 spp., tropical & warm America (Florida and Georgia, West Indies, Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil)
2. Subdivision Pinophytina
Class Ginkgoopsida (Ginkgoatae)
Order Ginkgoales
43. Ginkgoaceae [1/1] = Ginkgo or Maidenhair Family
Ginkgo, 1 sp., eastern China. [17 fossil genera]
Class Pinopsida (Coniferopsida;Pinatae, incl. Taxopsida)
Order Pinales or Coniferales(Coniferae)
44. Pinaceae [10-12/220] = Pine Family. Found almost entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. [Cathaya (~Tsuga) discovered in 1955 in W. China]. (Mab2 segregates Nothotsuga, and Hesperopeuce from Tsuga for 12 genera). Subfamilies follow Engler Syllabus and Krussmann.
Subfamily Abietoideae
1. Abies = Fir. 49 spp., North temperate regions, south to Vietnam and Central America.
2. Keteleeria = 3-7 spp., China, southeastern Asia, and Taiwan
3. Pseudotsuga = Douglas Fir. 6 spp., 4 spp. in eastern Asia, 2 spp. in western North America south to Mexico.
4. Tsuga = Hemlock. 14 spp., temperate North America and eastern Asia south to Vietnam.
5. Hesperopeuce (~Tsuga) = 1 sp., western North America from southern Alaska to central California. [Hesperopeuce mertensiana (Tsuga mertensiana)]
6. Nothotsuga (~Tsuga) = 1 sp., China
7. Cathaya (~Tsuga) [RHS and BRU separate from Tsuga] = 2 spp. discovered in southwestern China in 1955; known first as fossil; looks intermediate between Larix and Tsuga
8. Picea = Spruce. 40 spp., cool regions of Northern Hemisphere
Subfamily Laricoideae
9. Pseudolarix = 1 sp., central and northeastern China
10. Larix = Larch. 9 spp., cool areas of Northern Hemisphere
11. Cedrus = Cedar. 4 spp., on rocky mountainsides of Lebanon, Algeria, Cyprus, to the western Himalayas
Subfamily Pinoideae
Ducampopinus = Pinus
12. Pinus = Pine. 93 spp., North temperate regions, and South to Central America, Sumatra, and Java.
45. Taxodiaceae (incl. Sciadopityaceae) [10/16] = Taxodium, Bald Cypress, or Redwood Family. [RHS includes in Cupressaceae; DNA evidence supports this]. Tribes follow Engler Syllabus.
Tribe Sequoieae
1. Sequoia = 1 sp., west coast of California and Oregon
2. Sequoiadendron = 1 sp., western slopes of Sierra Nevada mountains of California
Tribe Metasequoieae
3. Metasequoia = 1 sp., west central China
Tribe Taxodieae
4. Taxodium = 2 spp., eastern and southeastern U.S. to highlands of Mexico
5. Glyptostrobus = 1 sp., southeastern China
Tribe Cryptomerieae
6. Cryptomeria = 2+ sp., China and Japan
Tribe Cunninghamieae
7. Cunninghamia = 2 spp., eastern Asia (one in China and one in Taiwan)
Tribe Sciadopityeae
8. Sciadopitys = 1 sp., mountains of central & southern Japan.[BRU, Kub, and Mab2 segregate as Family Sciadopityaceae]
Tribe Athrotaxeae
9. Athrotaxis = 3 spp., western Tasmania
10. Taiwania = 2-3 sp., northeastern Burma, China and Taiwan
45a. Sciadopityaceae [1/1] = Umbrella Pine or Parasol Pine Family
1. Sciadopitys = 1 sp., central & southern Japan
46. Cupressaceae [b18, 18-20/125] = Cypress or Cedar Family. (Bru incl. Platycladus in Thuja, and Papuacedrus in Libocedrus). Half are basically in the Northern Hemisphere and half are in the Southern Hemisphere. Subfamilies follow Engler Syllabus.
Biota = see Platycladus
Retinospora = name once given to juvenile awl-like or needle-like plants from several genera.
Subfamily Cupressoideae
1. Cupressus = 13 spp., Northern Hemisphere (Mediterranean region, Sahara, Asia, and North America)
2. Chamaecyparis = 8 spp., eastern and western North America and eastern Asia (Japan, Taiwan, and Sino-Himalayan region). Included in Cupressus in the past.
x Cupressocyparis = natural hybrid between Cupressus and Chamaecyparis.
Subfamily Thujoideae
3. Actinostrobus = 3 spp., southwestern Australia
4. Austrocedrus (~Libocedrus) = 1 sp., temperate South America (southern Chile and Argentina)
5. Callitris = 14 spp., Australia, Tasmania, and New Caledonia
6. Calocedrus = 3 spp., western North America (Oregon to lower California), northern Burma, southwestern China, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
7. Diselma = 1 sp., high mountains of Tasmania
8. Fitzroya = 1 sp., southern Chile & southern Argentina
9. Fokienia = 1-2 spp., southeastern China and southeastern Asia (Laos and Vietnam)
10. Libocedrus (excl. Austrocedrus and Papuacedrus) = 5 spp., in New Caledonia and New Zealand
11. Microbiota (~Thuja) = 1 sp. in southeastern Siberia. [not in III or Engler Syllabus]
12. Neocallitropsis (Callitropsis) = 1 sp., eastern New Caledonia
13. Papuacedrus (~Libocedrus) = 1 sp., New Guinea and the Moluccas. (Bru incl. in Libocedrus)
14. Pilgerodendron (~Libocedrus) = 1 sp.. southern Chile to Patagonia Argentina
15. Platycladus (Biota) = 1 sp., China and Korea (Bru incl. in Thuja)
16. Tetraclinis = 1 sp., dry hills in southern Spain, Malta, and north Africa
17. Thuja = 5 spp., North America and eastern Asia (China, Korea, and Japan)
18. Thujopsis = 1 sp., mountains of northern Japan
19. Widdringtonia = 3 spp., tropical and south Africa
Subfamily Juniperoideae
Arceuthos = 1 sp., Greece, Asia Minor, and Syria. [Bru and Mab2 include in Juniperus]
20. Juniperus = 50 spp., Northern Hemisphere, south to West Indies, and mountains of tropical Africa
47. Podocarpaceae (incl. Phyllocladaceae, which Bru, Mab2 & Kub sep.) [kr17, b17,12-18/168] = Podocarpus Family. Mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. Parisitaxus is the only parisitic gymnosperm known.
1. Acmopyle = 2 spp., New Caledonia, Fiji
2. Afrocarpus (~Podocarpus) = 3 spp., tropical & South Afrrica
3. Dacrycarpus (~Podocarpus) = 9 spp., Burma to New Zealand
4. Dacrydium = 25 spp., southeastern Asia to New Caledonia, Fiji, and New Zealand
5. Falcatifolium (~Podocarpus) = 5 spp., Malesia to New Guinea and New Caledonia
6. Halocarpus (Dacrydium) = 3 spp., New Zealand;
7. Lagarostrobus (Dacrydium) = 2 spp., Tasmania, New Zealand
8. Lepidothamnus (Dacrydium) = 3 sp., New Zealand, southern Chile
9. Microcachrys = 1 sp., Tasmania
10. Microstrobos (Pherosphaera) = 2 spp., New South Wales (southeastern Australia), and Tasmania
11. Nageia (~Podocarpus) = 5 spp., Indomal.
12. Parasitaxus (~Podocarpus) = 1 sp., New Caledonia. Parisitic on roots of Falcatifolium taxoides.
13. Phyllocladus = 5 spp., Philippines & Borneo to New Guinea, Tasmania, New Zealand
14. Podocarpus = 94 spp., Widespread in Southern Hemisphere in temperate areas and through tropical highlands, northward to West Indies, Mexico, southern China, and southern Japan
15. Prumnopitys (~Podocarpus) = 8 spp., Costa Rica to Venezuela to southern Chile, New Zealand, New Caledonia
16. Retrophyllum (Decussocarpus) = 5 spp., New Caledonia, Moluccas to Fiji, South America (Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, and western Brazil)
17. Saxegothaea = 1 sp., southern Chile & Argentina
18. Sundacarpus (~Podocarpus) = 1 sp., Sumatra & Philippines to northern Queensland Australia and New Ireland
47a. Phyllocladaceae [1/5] = Phyllocladus Family
1. Phyllocladus = 5 spp., Philippines & Borneo to New Guinea, Tasmania, New Zealand
48. Cephalotaxaceae [1/6] = Plum-Yew Family. [Mab and Kub incl. Amentotaxus from Taxaceae; Bru does not.]
1. Cephalotaxus = 6 spp., eastern Himalayas, and from Korea and Japan south through China to Taiwan, Thailand, and Malaysia.
49. Araucariaceae [kr2, b2, 2-3/39] = Araucaria Family. Found entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. [Mab2 sep. Wollemia, found in the 1990's.]
1. Agathis = 20 spp., Sumatra to New Zealand, New Caledonia, & Fiji
2. Araucaria = 18 spp., southern Brazil to Chile, southwestern Pacific (13 in New Caledonia, 1 on Norfolk Island)
3. Wollemia (~Agathis) = 1 sp., New South Wales Australia
Order Taxales [sometimes separated as Class Taxopsida]
50. Taxaceae [kr5, b5, 5/20] = Yew Family. Found mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. (Mab2 and Kub place Amentotaxus in Cephalotaxaceae)
1. Amentotaxus = 4 sp., China, southeastern Asia
2. Austrotaxus = 1 sp., New Caledonia
3. Pseudotaxus = 1 sp., western China
4. Taxus = 7 spp., North temperate regions south to central Malesia, & Mexico
5. Torreya = 7 spp., western Florida, California, China and Japan
3. Subdivision Gnetophytina
Class Gnetopsida (Class Chlamydospermae, Gnetatae)
1. Subclass Welwitschiidae
Order Welwitschiales
51. Welwitschiaceae [1/1] = Welwitschia Family
1. Welwitswchia = 1 sp., Namib desert in southern Angola & southwestern Africa
2. Subclass Ephedriidae
Order Ephedrales
52. Ephedraceae [1/65] = Ephedra Family
1. Ephedra = 65 spp., in arid regions of Medit. to China, western U.S. & Mexico, Andes of South America
3. Subclass Gnetidae
Order Gnetales
53. Gnetaceae [b1, 2/29] = Gnetum Family [Mab2 incl. new genus Vinkiella]
1. Gnetum = 29 spp, Amazonia, tropical west Africa, and tropical Asia from Bombay to Fiji
2. Vinkiella = 1 sp., western New Guinea
Division 6. of 6. Magnoliphyta (Anthophyta, Angiospermae) = Angiosperms or Flowering Plants
(83 Orders; 383 Families; about 12,300-13,400 Genera; about 220,000-230,000 species)
Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledoneae) = Dicots
(64 Orders; 318 Families; about 9,600 Genera; about 170,000 species)
(8 Orders; 39 Families; 497 Genera; 12,000 species)
2. Subclass Hamamelidae (FNA and KUB follow TAK spelling of Hamamelididae)
(11 Orders; 24 Families; 176 Genera; 3400 species)
(3 Orders; 14 Families; 573 genera; 11,000 species)
(13 Orders; 78 Families; 1470 Genera; 25.000 species)
(18 Orders; 114 Families; 3311 Genera; 58,000 species)
(11 Orders; 49 Families; 3587 Genera; 60,000 species)
Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledoneae) = Monocots
(19 Orders; 65 Families; about 2700 Genera; about 50,000-60,000 species)
(4 Orders; 16 Families; 61 genera; 500 species)
(4 Orders; 5 Families; 330 genera; 5600 species)
(7 Orders; 16 Families; 703 genera; 15,000 species)
(2 Orders; 9 Families; 134 genera; 3800 species)
(2 Orders; 19 Families; 1474 genera; 25,000 species)
Division 6. of 6. Magnoliophyta [383 Fam.]
Class Magnoliopsida = Dicots [318 Fam.]
Subclass I. Magnoliidae [Fam. 54-92]
Order 1. Magnoliales Cronq. 1981
54. Winteraceae (cr9, 5/60, cr100)
55. Degeneriaceae (1/2)
56. Himantandraceae (1/2 or 3)
57. Eupomatiaceae (1/2)
58. Austrobaileyaceae (1/1)
59. Magnoliaceae (cr12/220, 7/165)
(019)
60. Lactoridaceae (1/1)
61. Annonaceae (b125, 112/2150) (008)
62. Myristacaceae (b18, 19/400)
63. Canellaceae (b6, 5/13)
Order 2. Laurales
64. Amborellaceae (1/1)
65. Trimeniaceae (1/5)
(incl. Piptocalyx of Mab1)
66. Monimiaceae (b39, 34/440)
67. Gomortegaceae (1/1)
68. Calycanthaceae (3/9) (027)
69. Idiospermaceae (1/1)
(Mab2 incl. in Calycanthaceae)
70. Lauraceae (b49, 52/2850) (008)
71. Hernandiaceae (b4, 5/57)
Order 3. Piperales
72. Chloranthaceae (4/75)
73. Saururaceae (b5, 4/6)
74. Piperaceae (b10, 8/3000)
Order 4. Aristolochiales
75. Aristolochiaceae (b8, 12/475)
(008; 073)
Order 5. Illiciales
76. Illiciaceae (1/42)
77. Schisandraceae (2/47)
Order 6. Nymphaeales
78. Nelumbonaceae (1/2) (071)
79. Nymphaeaceae (5/71) (071)
80. Barclayaceae (1/4)
(Mab2 incl. in Nymphaeaceae)
81. Cabombaceae (2/6)
82. Ceratophyllaceae (1/2-6)
Order 7. Ranunculales
83. Ranunculaceae (b53, 62/2450)
(053; 065, 069, 026, 073, 074)
84. Circaeasteraceae (2/2)
(Mab2 has 1/1 and places Kingdonia in Ranunculaceae)
85. Berberidaceae (b18, 15/680)
(017, 073?)
86. Sargentodoxaceae (1/1-2)
87. Lardizabalaceae (b8, 7/44) (008)
88. Menispermaceae (b73, 72/450) (001)
89. Coriariaceae (1/5)
90. Sabiaceae (3/80)
Order 8. Papaverales
91. Papaveraceae (23/230) (053; 069)
92. Fumariaceae (b18, 17/530) (053)
(incl. Pteridophyllaceae of Mab2; Mab2 says should be subfamily of Papaveraceae)
Subclass II. Hamamelidae [Fam. 93-116]
Order 1. Trochodendrales
93. Tetracentraceae (1/1) (Mab2 in cr94.)
94. Trochodendraceae (1/1)
Order 2. Hamamelidales
95. Cercidiphyllaceae (1/2)(003)
96. Eupteliaceae (1/2)
97. Platanaceae (1/8)(002)
98. Hamamelidaceae (b29, 30/95) (018)
99. Myrothamnaceae (1/2)
Order 3. Daphniphyllales
100. Daphniphyllaceae (1/10)
Order 4. Didymelales
101. Didymelaceae (1/2)
Order 5. Eucommiales
102. Eucommiaceae (1/1) (002)
Order 6. Urticales
103. Barbeyaceae (1/1)
104. Ulmaceae (b15, 16/175) (001)
105. Cannabaceae (2/2) (072)
106. Moraceae (b37, 38/1100) (002)
107. Cecropiaceae (6/180)
108. Urticaceae (48/1050)
108a. Physeniaceae (1/1)
Order 7. Leitneriales
109. Leitneriaceae (1/1) (Mab2 in cr311.)
Order 8. Juglandales
110. Rhoipteleaceae (1/1)
111. Juglandaceae (8/59) (003)
Order 9. Myricales
112. Myricaceae (3/55)(026)
Order 10. Fagales
113. Balanopaceae (1/9)
113a. Ticodendraceae (1/1) (Found 1991)
114. Fagaceae (8/700) (009)
(Quercus 600)
114a. Nothofagaceae (Bru, Mab2, and
Cron. 1981 incl. in Fagaceae)
115. Betulaceae (6/110) (006)
(incl. Corylaceae)
Order 11. Casuarinales
116. Casuarinaceae (1 or 4/95)
Subclass III. Caryophyllidae [Fam. 117-130]
Order 1. Caryophyllales
117. Phytolaccaceae (b18, 19/65)
118. Achatocarpaceae (2/6)
119. Nyctaginaceae (b38, 30/390)
120. Aizoaceae (128/1850)
121. Didiereaceae (4/11)
122. Cactaceae (b100, 97/1400)
123. Chenopodiaceae (b114, 103/1300)
(060)
124. Amaranthaceae (b70, 71/750) (060)
125. Portulacaceae (b27, 32/380)
(059; 069) (Mab2 sep. Hectorellaceae, Lyallia 1/2)
126. Basellaceae (4/20)
127. Molluginaceae (b15, 13/130)
128 Caryophyllaceae (b90, 87/2300)
(055, 059; 073)
Order 2. Polygonales
129. Polygonaceae (b49, 46/1100)
(055;072)
Order 3. Plumbaginales
130. Plumbaginaceae (b25, 27/730)
(055;062)
Subclass IV. Dilleniidae [Fam. 131-208]
Order 1. Dilleniales
131. Dilleniaceae (b11, 12/300)
132. Paeoniaceae (b1, 2/34)
(026; 074) (Mab2 incl.
Glaucidium 1/1)
Order 2. Theales
133. Ochnaceae (26/356)
134. Sphaerosepalaceae (2/14)
Mab2 incl. in cr133)
135. Sarcolaenaceae (b9, 10/30)
136. Dipterocarpaceae (16/680)
137. Caryocaraceae (2/25)
138. Theaceae (b26, 22/610) (010)
139. Actinidiaceae (3/340) (004)
140. Scytopetalaceae (5/20)
141. Pentaphylacaceae (1/1)
142. Tetrameristaceae (2/4)
(Pentamerista found in 1972)
143. Pellicieraceae (1/1)
144. Oncothecaceae (1/2)
145. Marcgraviaceae (5/108)
146. Quiinaceae (4/45)
147. Elatinaceae (2/34)
148. Paracryphiaceae (1/1)
149. Medusagynaceae (1/1)
150. Guttiferae or Clusiaceae
(b47, 45/1370) (027)
Order 3. Malvales
151. Elaeocarpaceae (9/540)
152. Tiliaceae (b53, 46/680) (002)
153. Sterculiaceae (67/1500) (010)
